Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition that affects the shape and structure of the cornea, the clear front part of the eye. As the cornea thins and bulges into a cone-like shape, it can cause significant vision problems, including blurred and distorted vision, sensitivity to light, and difficulty driving at night.
 

What is Keratoconus?

Keratoconus is an eye condition that typically begins in the teenage years or early 20s. As the cornea, the transparent front part of the eye, gradually thins and changes shape, it becomes more irregular and cone-like, rather than the normal dome-like shape. This change in corneal structure can cause significant vision problems, including:

• Blurred and distorted vision
• Increased sensitivity to glare and light
• Frequent changes in eyeglass or contact lens prescriptions
• Difficulty driving at night

Keratoconus is a relatively rare condition, affecting approximately 1 in 2,000 people worldwide. While the exact causes of keratoconus are not fully understood, researchers believe it may be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors.
 

Causes of Keratoconus

The exact causes of keratoconus are not yet fully understood, but researchers believe it may be influenced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some of the potential causes and risk factors for keratoconus include:

• Genetic factors: Keratoconus has been shown to have a strong genetic component, with up to 10% of cases having a family history of the condition.
• Eye rubbing: Frequent and vigorous eye rubbing, often due to allergies or other irritation, may contribute to the development and progression of keratoconus.
• Underlying medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as Down syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, and atopic dermatitis, have been associated with an increased risk of developing keratoconus.
• Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, particularly during puberty and pregnancy, may also play a role in the development and progression of keratoconus.
• Environmental factors: Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, air pollution, and other environmental stressors may contribute to the weakening and thinning of the cornea.

Understanding the potential causes of keratoconus is important, as it can help you and your eye care provider develop a comprehensive treatment plan to manage the condition and slow its progression.
 

Treatment Options for Keratoconus

The good news is that there are several effective treatment options available for managing keratoconus. The specific treatment approach will depend on the severity of your condition, your individual needs, and the recommendations of your eye care provider. Some of the most common treatment options for keratoconus include:
 

1. Corrective lenses:

• Eyeglasses: In the early stages of keratoconus, standard eyeglasses may be able to correct mild vision problems.
• Rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses: These specialized contact lenses can help reshape the cornea and improve visual acuity.
• Scleral lenses: These large, rigid contact lenses rest on the white part of the eye (sclera), creating a smooth, uniform surface that can improve vision and reduce discomfort.

2. Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL):

• This non-surgical procedure uses a combination of riboflavin (vitamin B2) and ultraviolet light to strengthen and stabilize the cornea, helping to slow or even halt the progression of keratoconus.
• CXL is considered a first-line treatment for many patients with keratoconus, as it can effectively manage the condition without the need for more invasive surgical interventions.

3. Topical eye drops and medications:

• Certain eye drops and medications, such as those containing corticosteroids or anti-inflammatory agents, can help reduce inflammation and discomfort associated with keratoconus.
• These topical treatments may be used in conjunction with other non-surgical or surgical interventions to provide comprehensive management of the condition.

By exploring these treatment options, you can work with your eye care provider to develop a personalized management plan that addresses your specific needs and helps preserve your vision. Remember, early intervention and a proactive approach to keratoconus management are key to maintaining good eye health.
 

Navigating Keratoconus with the Help of Premier Eye Care Optometry 

The key to successful keratoconus management is to work closely with your eye care provider, follow their recommendations, and be an active participant in your own care. By staying informed, being proactive, and seeking the support of family, friends, and patient advocacy groups, you can navigate the journey with keratoconus with confidence and optimism.
 

If you or someone you know has been diagnosed with keratoconus, schedule an appointment with Premier Eye Care Optometry. We can help you explore the various treatment options and develop a personalized plan to manage your condition and preserve your vision. Visit our office in San Bernardino, California or call (909) 757-0700 to book an appointment today.